Maruyama Masao

The four dimensions in the 16-axis model where this thinker scores highest. People in this archetype tend to lean the same way.

• TDTheoretical Drive

  8 / 10
• TRTrust in Reason

  7 / 10
• TETrust in Experience

  6 / 10
• SRSkeptical Reflex

  6 / 10

The six thinkers whose 16-dimensional positions sit closest to this one. Useful as next-reading suggestions.

• Robert BrandomCARTOGRAPHER

  Making It Explicit — meaning as inferential commitment in social space.

• Stuart HampshireTOUCHSTONE

  Thought and action; freedom found in deliberation, not behind it.

• Tamar SchapiroTOUCHSTONE

  Inclination as raw material for the will; agency reformed by reasons.

• David VellemanTOUCHSTONE

  Self-understanding as the form of agency; narratives of the self.

• Rae LangtonTOUCHSTONE

  Pornography as silencing — speech-act theory turned to ethics.

• Wilfrid SellarsCARTOGRAPHER

  Myth of the Given — manifest and scientific images side by side.

Short exercises in the same tradition as Maruyama Masao's thought. Each takes 5–25 minutes.

• Argument mapping →

  Draw the structure of an argument as boxes and arrows. See its load-bearing walls.

• Reductio ad absurdum →

  Take a claim seriously, run it to its logical limit, see if you still believe it.

• Counterexample drill →

  Try to break a moral rule with a single concrete case.