Samuel Pufendorf

The four dimensions in the 16-axis model where this thinker scores highest. People in this archetype tend to lean the same way.

• TRTrust in Reason

  7 / 10
• UIUniversalist Impulse

  7 / 10
• VAVital Affirmation

  6 / 10
• TETrust in Experience

  6 / 10

The six thinkers whose 16-dimensional positions sit closest to this one. Useful as next-reading suggestions.

• Hugo GrotiusCARTOGRAPHER

  Natural law and international right — peace built on shared reason.

• Marsilius of PaduaFORGE

  Defender of the Peace — secular sovereignty over spiritual authority.

• Sor Juana Inés de la CruzFORGE

  Mexican nun-philosopher — Respuesta defending women's right to study.

• Alexis de TocquevilleCARTOGRAPHER

  Democracy in America — equality's seductions and its soft despotisms.

• Mary AstellCARTOGRAPHER

  Reason is not gendered. Education for women. Friendship as the truest love.

• Imre LakatosCARTOGRAPHER

  Research programs — science between Popper's edge and Kuhn's communities.

Short exercises in the same tradition as Samuel Pufendorf's thought. Each takes 5–25 minutes.

• Argument mapping →

  Draw the structure of an argument as boxes and arrows. See its load-bearing walls.

• Reductio ad absurdum →

  Take a claim seriously, run it to its logical limit, see if you still believe it.

• Counterexample drill →

  Try to break a moral rule with a single concrete case.