Cicero
106–43 BCE
“Eclectic synthesis of Greek thought. Natural law underlies just government. Duty to community.”
The four dimensions in the 16-axis model where this thinker scores highest. People in this archetype tend to lean the same way.
- POPractical Orientation9 / 10
- TRTrust in Reason8 / 10
- RTReverence for Tradition8 / 10
- CECommunal Embeddedness8 / 10
The six thinkers whose 16-dimensional positions sit closest to this one. Useful as next-reading suggestions.
- Michael SandelCARTOGRAPHER
Justice cannot be neutral. Markets corrupt the goods they trade. Civic virtue matters.
- Hugo GrotiusCARTOGRAPHER
Natural law and international right — peace built on shared reason.
- Philippa FootCARTOGRAPHER
Natural Goodness — virtues as facts about flourishing creatures.
- Samuel PufendorfCARTOGRAPHER
Duty grounded in sociability — the moral entity over the natural body.
- XunziHEARTH
Human nature is flawed. Ritual and education civilize us. Heaven follows constant patterns.
- Kwasi WireduHEARTH
Conceptual decolonization. Truth in Akan thought. Consensus over majority rule.
Short exercises in the same tradition as Cicero's thought. Each takes 5–25 minutes.
- The Examen →
Five-step Ignatian end-of-day review — what was given, what was missed, what to take into tomorrow.
- Switch sides →
Argue both sides of a debate, alternating, until you no longer know which side you started on.
- Anticipating objections →
For every position, list the three strongest objections — then answer them.
Three doors lead onward.
- 01 · QUIZThe InheritorFind your archetype — discover whether you'd argue with Cicero or alongside them.CONTINUE ▶
- 02 · COMPARECicero vs Michael SandelOn Mull's map Michael Sandel sits closest. See where they agree and where they part.CONTINUE ▶
- 03 · DAILYToday's SparOne philosopher, one topic, five minutes. A new one drops every day.CONTINUE ▶